The orchid growing medium, often referred to as potting mix. It comprises several unique components designed to provide the ideal environment for your orchids to thrive. Different types of orchids require distinct growing mediums to flourish, given their unique root systems and moisture preferences. Epiphytic orchids, for instance, thrive in a loose, well-draining medium such as bark chips or sphagnum moss. This mimicks their natural habitat where they grow on trees. On the other hand, terrestrial orchids, that grow in soil in nature, prefer a denser medium, often a blend of perlite, peat moss, and sand. Understanding the specific needs of your orchid type is essential in choosing the proper medium. Thus ensuring your orchids not only survive but bloom vibrantly. In this blog we will explain what are orchids potting in? And how to mix up 3 different types of potting medium.
Growing Medium Components
The following components compromise 3 growing mediums I will discuss below. Bark, sphagnum moss, perlite, charcoal, sand and loam.
Bark
Often pine bark is used, known for it’s excellent drainage and aeration properties. It is one of the most common elements used in orchid potting mixes. It’s especially beneficial for Epiphytic Orchids, which naturally grow on tree surfaces. The bark mimics their natural habitat, offering excellent drainage and aeration properties. Bark’s coarse texture also allows the orchid roots to latch onto it, stimulating a healthy growth pattern. Different types of bark, such as fir or pine, can be used, each contributing unique qualities to the potting mix.
Sphagnum Moss
Another popular component in an orchid growing medium is Sphagnum moss. This type of moss is particularly beneficial for moisture-loving orchids. As it has exceptional water retention capabilities, keeping the orchids hydrated for longer periods. Sphagnum moss also contributes to the acidity of the soil, which is beneficial for most orchid species. However, it’s crucial to monitor the moss’s moisture level as over-saturation can potentially lead to root rot. The moss also offers a soft and light texture, which can mimic the conditions of an orchid’s natural habitat.
Perlite
Perlite is another ingredient used in orchid growing mediums. Perlite is a form of volcanic glass, that when heated, expands to several times its original size. This provides a light, porous material that is excellent for improving aeration and drainage. Especially important for orchids which do not tolerate waterlogged conditions. Furthermore, the neutral pH of perlite makes it an excellent component for maintaining the balance of the potting mix. Perlite ensures it doesn’t become too acidic or alkaline for the orchid, so perlite should be used in moderation. As excessive amounts can lead to overly dry conditions which may not be suitable for all orchid types.
Charcoal
An often overlooked component, charcoal is beneficial in an orchid growing medium. It has excellent absorption capabilities, helping to remove harmful impurities or chemicals that might be present in water or fertilizer. Charcoal also aids in maintaining a neutral pH environment for orchids, promoting their health and growth.
Sand
Sand, another component that is used orchid growing medium. It is particularly beneficial for Terrestrial Orchids which naturally grow in the ground. The coarse texture of sand facilitates excellent drainage, preventing water-logging in the root zone which can lead to root rot. On the other hand, sand also has the ability to retain just enough moisture to keep the plant hydrated without over-saturating it. Additionally, sand can add stability to the potting mix, helping the orchid to stay upright and stable. However, it’s important to use a coarse, well-washed sand. Rather than a fine, beach-type sand which may compact and reduce aeration.
Loam
A less common but feasible component in orchid growing mediums is loam. It is essentially a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, often enriched with organic matter. Loam can be especially beneficial for terrestrial orchids, as it closely mimics their natural soil conditions. The structure of loam provides excellent aeration. And its ability to retain moisture while still providing good drainage makes it a suitable choice. Although loam can be heavier than other components. Therefore it should be used judiciously to not to compact the roots. Furthermore, it is imperative to ensure the loam is free from disease-causing organisms to protect the health of the orchid.
Selecting and combining these components in a manner that suits the specific needs of your orchid type can lead to a flourishing and vibrant orchid plant.
Growing Medium #1
This medium is perfect for all epiphytes and some terrestrials. It consist of:
6 parts Coniferous Bark-like Pine
1 Part Perlite
1 Part Coarse Sphagnum Peat Moss
1 Part Horticultural Charcoal
The growing medium described above is perfect for all epiphytic orchids and some terrestrial orchids. Epiphytic orchids are those which naturally grow on the surface of plants, especially trees, rather than growing in soil. Examples of epiphytic orchids include the popular Phalaenopsis (Moth Orchids), Dendrobiums, and Vandas. This orchid potting medium is also suitable for some terrestrial orchids. Those that grow in the ground and absorb nutrients from soil. Examples of such orchids include Cymbidiums or Slipper Orchids. These orchids will enjoy the excellent aeration, drainage and nutrient balance offered by this medium.
Growing Medium #2
This medium is a finer mix of #1 and perfect for fine rooted Orchids and seedlings. Paphiopedilims and Phalaenopsis tend to grow well in this medium. It consist of:
6 Parts Fine Bark Chips
3 Parts Sphagnum Peat Moss
3 Parts chopped live Sphagnum Moss
The second medium, a finer version of the first, is particularly suitable for orchids with fine roots. This includes Paphiopedilum, also known as Lady Slipper Orchid. A genus of the Orchid family known for its unusual and exotic flowers. Phalaenopsis, popularly known as Moth Orchids (Moth orchids do well in both 1 & 2). They are among the easiest orchids to grow, especially for beginners. They enjoy the water retention and aeration properties of this medium. Created by the inclusion of finely chopped bark chips and Sphagnum Moss.
Growing Medium #3
This medium is perfect for most terrestrial orchids. As they are earth-based, and likely to grow in nature.
1 Part Sphagnum Peat Moss
1 Part Loam
1 Part clean Sharp Sand
The third orchid potting medium is specially tailored for most terrestrial orchids. Which are typically found growing in ground or soil in their natural habitats. It is composed of equal parts Sphagnum Peat Moss, Loam, and clean Sharp Sand. Sphagnum Peat Moss contributes to maintaining sufficient moisture levels. While the Loam, a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, provides aeration and mimics the orchid’s natural soil conditions. The clean Sharp Sand, due to its coarse texture, facilitates excellent drainage, preventing water-logging and root rot. This combination of elements provides terrestrial orchids with an environment similar to their natural growth habitat. Helping them thrive by offering the ideal balance of moisture, aeration, and nutrients. Examples of terrestrial orchids that would prosper in this medium include Cymbidiums. Also known as Boat Orchids, and certain types of Slipper Orchids.
Happy Orchid Gardening!
When it comes to orchid growing, the right growing medium is essential for your orchid’s health and growth. By following the steps outlined in this post you’ll be able to create different types of orchid growing medium. And choose the one that’s just right for your orchid’s unique needs. Just like with my African Violet potting mix, sometimes they are a little picky. Therefore tweaking the mix is just what they need! With a little patience and effort, your orchids will reward you with beautiful, vibrant blooms!
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