African violets are notoriously known as finicky plants, but their beauty is simply unmatched. These plants are beloved by gardeners worldwide for their stunning foliage, vibrant colors, and easy-to-grow nature. However, despite their beauty, African violets are no stranger to pesky pests. In this blog post, we’ll discuss some of the most common African violet pest and how to treat each one.
Thrips on African Violets
Thrips are one of the most common African violet pest. They are tiny, thin insects that range in color from light brown to black and are as tiny as a this – printed dash. Due to their small size, they are often overlooked until the damage becomes evident. They feed on the plant’s pollen sac (the yellow center of the blossoms). In the adult flying stage they enter through flying in from an open window or door. Or can be brought in by an infected new plant. Therefore it’s best to isolate new African Violets until you know they are free of disease.
To treat an infestation of thrips, begin by isolating the affected plant to prevent the spread to other plants. Remove any flower buds as this is where the thrips feed and will drastically reduce the infestation. One effective method to eliminate thrips is the use of insecticidal soap. Spray it directly onto the plant, making sure to cover both the tops and undersides of leaves. Repeat this treatment once a week until no signs of infestation remain. In severe cases, sadly it may be necessary to dispose of the infected violets. As many strains of thrips have become resistant to insecticides.
African Violet Pest – Cyclamen Mites
Cyclamen Mites present another significant threat to African violets. They are microscopic creatures that are virtually invisible to the naked eye, making detection extremely difficult. The first signs of their presence are usually distorted growth of the leaves, buds, and flowers. The plant’s foliage may also develop a greasy appearance and the flowers seem twisted and deformed.
To treat a Cyclamen Mite infestation, initially isolate the affected plant to prevent the mites from spreading to other plants. Prune the distorted parts of the plant, as these are the areas where mites are often concentrated. Thereafter, spray the entire plant – paying special attention to the undersides of the leaves – with a miticide that is safe for African violets. Repeat this treatment every seven days until the plant shows no further signs of infestation. For severe infestations, you might have to make the tough decision to discard the affected plant to protect the rest of your collection.
African Violet Pest – Broad Mites
Broad mites are another common pest that can cause significant harm to African violets. These pests are extremely small and often require a magnifying glass or microscopic examination for identification. The most common symptoms that indicate a broad mite infestation are distorted leaf growth, bronzing of the leaves, and a reduction in the plant’s overall vigor.
In order to treat a broad mite infestation, isolate the affected plant immediately. This action will prevent the mites from spreading to other plants in your collection. It is recommended to prune the affected areas of the plant where mites are likely to be concentrated. Then, apply a miticide that is specifically designed to treat broad mites directly onto the plant, taking care to cover all areas of the plant including the undersides of the leaves. It is important to repeat this treatment every seven days until the plant shows no further signs of infestation. In severe cases, it might be necessary to discard the infested plant to safeguard your other plants from potential infestation. Remember, prevention is always better than cure, so it is advisable to regularly inspect your plants for any signs of pests.
Mealy Bugs on African Violets
Soil mealy bugs are a common menace to African violets, posing a significant threat to the health of these beautiful plants. They are small, white, soft-bodied insects that can be found in the soil surrounding the plant’s roots. Often mistaken for fungus due to their cotton-like appearance, soil mealy bugs can be hard to identify until a significant infestation. The tell-tale signs of their presence include stunted plant growth and a general decline in the health and vibrancy of the African violet.
To treat a soil mealy bug infestation, start by removing the plant from the pot and gently shaking off as much soil as you can from the root system. Dispose of the contaminated soil and wash the pot thoroughly to make sure no mealy bugs remain. It’s recommended to soak the roots of the plant in a solution of water and insecticidal soap for a few minutes, then rinse with clear water to remove any remaining soap and mealy bugs. Repot the plant in fresh, sterile potting mix and isolate it from your other plants to prevent the spread of the pests. Continue to monitor the plant closely for signs of recurring infestation. Remember, as with any pest, early detection and treatment is key to saving your African violets from soil mealy bugs.
Foliar Mealy Bugs: Identification and Treatment
Foliar mealy bugs are another pest that can wreak havoc on your African violets. Unlike their soil-dwelling counterparts, these pests tend to attack the leaves and stems of your plant. They are tiny, soft-bodied insects that are usually covered with a white, waxy substance. The most common symptoms of a foliar mealy bug infestation include a sticky residue on the leaves (due to their sugary excrement), a steady decline in the plant’s health, and if you look closely, you might be able to spot the actual bugs on your plant.
To treat a foliar mealy bug infestation, start by isolating the affected African violet from your other plants to prevent the spread of the pests. Remove any heavily infested leaves or stems from the plant. Spray the plant with a solution of water and insecticidal soap, making sure to cover all parts of the plant, especially the undersides of the leaves where the bugs often hide. Wipe down the leaves with a soft cloth to remove any remaining bugs and residue. Repeat this treatment every seven days, or until the plant shows no signs of infestation. If the infestation is severe, you may need to consider discarding the plant to protect the rest of your collection. As with all pests, the key to controlling foliar mealy bugs is through regular inspection and early detection.
Fungus Gnats – African Violet Nuisance Pest
Fungus gnats, while primarily a nuisance, can also pose a threat to your African violets if their population becomes too large. These small, dark, mosquito-like bugs are usually found flying around the plant or running on the soil and leaves. They lay their eggs in the soil, and their larvae feed on plant roots and organic matter, potentially damaging the plant’s health.
To treat a fungus gnat infestation, start by reducing the moisture in the plant’s environment, as these pests thrive in humid conditions. Remove the top layer of the soil where the gnats’ eggs are commonly laid. Applying a product containing Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), a naturally occurring bacterium that kills larvae, can be effective in controlling fungus gnats. Insecticidal soaps or neem oil can also be used to treat the adults. Remember to isolate the affected plant from your other plants to prevent the spread of the pests.
In case of a severe infestation, it might be necessary to replace the infested soil entirely with fresh, sterile potting mix. Regular inspection of your plants will allow early detection and treatment, minimizing the impact of a fungus gnat infestation on your African violets.
Springtails in the Water Reservoir
Springtails are tiny, soft-bodied insects often found in the water reservoirs of your potted African violets. Due to their preference for damp conditions, they are attracted to the moisture and organic matter found in the water reservoirs. They are not directly harmful to your plants but can become a nuisance if their population increases substantially. One of the main signs that indicate the presence of springtails is the sight of these tiny white or gray bugs jumping around in the water reservoir.
In order to treat a springtail infestation, start by emptying and thoroughly cleaning the water reservoir to remove any springtails and their eggs. Once cleaned, make sure to let it dry completely before refilling it. This disrupts the damp conditions that springtails thrive in. It is advisable to repeat this process regularly to discourage springtail infestations. For severe infestations, consider using an insecticidal soap or diatomaceous earth. Diatomaceous earth is a non-toxic powder that kills insects by dehydrating them but is safe for your plants. Always remember to inspect your water reservoirs regularly for any signs of pests. As with all pests, prevention and early detection are key to maintaining healthy African violets.
Powdery Mildew: Identification and Treatment
Powdery Mildew is a common fungal disease that can afflict African violets, characterized by the appearance of a distinctive white or gray powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. These powdery spots are the spores of the mildew and can easily spread to other plants.
Remember African violets love humidity at around 60% although if this rises to 80% then fungal disease like powdery mildew moves in quickly. With warm days and cooler nights the powdery mildew will spread rapdily.
To treat Powdery Mildew, start by isolating the infected plant to prevent the spread of the fungus to other plants. Remove and dispose of any heavily infected leaves. Apply a fungicide designed for use on African violets, making sure to thoroughly cover all parts of the plant, especially the undersides of the leaves where the fungus tends to thrive.
I had a major outbreak of this although instead of insecticide I used a solution of 50/50 water and dawn dish detergent. I wiped down the top and bottom of each leaf along with dousing the stems. Sadly I had to dispose of 12 of my plants, it spread so quickly and was only able to save 5. The 5 I saved I repotted with fresh AV soil, clean pots and put diatomaceous earth in the soil. I did save some leaves from the plants I disposed of, cleaned them well and then put them in water until roots formed and started all over again.
Regularly clean up any fallen leaves or debris as these could harbor the fungus. Always remember, the key to controlling Powdery Mildew, like all plant diseases, is through regular inspection and early detection.
Diatomaceous Earth Added to the Soil: How it Works and Application Method
Diatomaceous earth is a powerful tool in the arsenal of any gardener dealing with African Violet pest infestations. It is a non-toxic, naturally occurring substance made up of the fossilized remains of tiny, aquatic organisms called diatoms. The sharp edges of diatomaceous earth can puncture the exoskeletons of many types of pests, causing them to dehydrate and die.
To apply diatomaceous earth to the soil of your African Violets, start by ensuring that the soil is dry. Sprinkle a thin layer of the powder over the surface of the soil, being careful to avoid the plant’s leaves. If you need to treat the entire pot, including the sides and bottom, remove the plant and set it aside temporarily. Then, dust the entire pot with diatomaceous earth before replanting.
Remember, diatomaceous earth’s effectiveness is diminished when it’s wet, so it’s best used in dry conditions. After watering your plant, you may need to reapply. Always use food-grade diatomaceous earth, as other forms may contain harmful additives. Regular use of diatomaceous earth in your potting soil can help deter many types of pests, contributing to the overall health and vitality of your African violets.
Happy Gardening!
African violets are a must-have addition to any gardener’s collection, but they can be vulnerable to pests. Regularly inspecting your plant and keeping a watchful eye for signs of infestation is the best way to prevent and treat any pest problems. If your African violet is showing signs of pest problems, the methods mentioned above can help you identify and treat them accordingly. With proper care and attention, your African violet will thrive and continue to bloom for years to come.
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