Hardy mums are one of the most popular autumn showstoppers for gardens. These beautiful flowers, available in various colors, sizes, and shapes, can make any garden look stunning. If you’re a home gardener looking to add some hardy mums to your garden, this blog post is for you. This post will explain what are hardy mums and will take you through the process of planting, growing, and caring for them. So, grab a cup of coffee and let’s get started.
Zone Type for Hardy Mums
Hardy mums, also known as garden mums or Chrysanthemum morifolium, are a particular type of chrysanthemums that are well-renowned for their ability to withstand colder temperatures. Unlike some other varieties, hardy mums are perennial, meaning they return year after year. They thrive in USDA hardiness zones 5-9. Although they’re robust and can endure varying weather conditions, they perform best in well-drained soil and full sun exposure. Remember, the zone type you are in significantly influences when and how to plant your mums for optimal growth. It’s crucial to understand your specific zone and adjust your planting and care procedures accordingly to ensure your hardy mums flourish.
Preparing the Soil and Planting
To ensure your hardy mums thrive, soil preparation is key. Begin with a well-draining soil, as hardy mums are prone to root rot if left in sitting water. Incorporate organic matter, such as compost or manure, to enrich the soil with essential nutrients. Testing the pH of your soil is also recommended; mums prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0 to 7.0).
When you are ready to plant, dig a hole that is twice as wide and just as deep as the pot your mum came in. Place the plant in the hole, making sure the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Fill in the hole with soil, pressing down gently to remove any air pockets. After planting, water thoroughly. To encourage bushier growth and more blooms, pinch off the tips of the stems when they are 4 to 6 inches tall.
How to Grow Hardy Mums from Seed
Growing hardy mums from seed is a rewarding process that requires a bit of patience. Start by purchasing mum seeds from a reputable supplier. To begin the germination process, sow the seeds indoors about 2 months before the last spring frost. Fill a seed tray with a well-draining seed starting mix and place the seeds on top, lightly covering them with additional soil.
Water the tray thoroughly and place it in a warm area with plenty of indirect light. The seeds should sprout within 10 to 15 days. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Once your seedlings have developed a couple of true leaves, you can begin to “harden off” the plants by gradually introducing them to outdoor conditions over a week or two.
After the threat of frost has passed, transplant the young plants to your well-prepared garden soil. Space the plants about 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for mature growth. From here, care for your hardy mums as you would if they were established plants, watering regularly and fertilizing as necessary. With the right care, you’ll enjoy beautiful mum blooms from late summer through fall.
Light and Water Requirements
Hardy mums are sun-lovers and require a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight each day for optimal growth and bloom. If your garden has partial shade, ensure that your mums receive at least three to four hours of morning sunlight. The morning sun is particularly beneficial as it helps evaporate the dew on the leaves, thus reducing the risk of fungal diseases.
When it comes to water, hardy mums need a consistent supply, particularly in dry and hot weather. However, it’s essential to avoid overwatering or allowing the plants to sit in water, as this can lead to root rot. A good watering practice is to deeply water the plants once or twice a week, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering. Always water at the base of the plant to keep the foliage dry and prevent disease. In the absence of rainfall, supplement your watering routine to ensure your mums receive adequate hydration. Keep in mind, the water needs of your mums may increase during hot spells and decrease during cooler, wet periods.
Fertilizing your Mums
Feeding your hardy mums right is necessary for their overall health and blooming. Fertilizing these plants is a two-step process over the growing season. Begin your fertilizing schedule in the spring when new growth starts to appear. Use a balanced granular or water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 (Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potassium). This balanced mix will support both foliage growth and flower production.
When fertilizing, follow the instructions on the fertilizer package to prevent over-fertilization, which could potentially damage your plants. Always water your plants well before and after applying fertilizer to prevent burning the roots.
The second round of fertilization should happen in mid-summer to prepare your mums for their fall bloom. This time, opt for a fertilizer higher in phosphorous and potassium to support blooming and root strength.
Remember, over-fertilizing can be as harmful as not fertilizing at all. Too much fertilizer can cause abundant foliage growth at the expense of blooms, or it can even burn and damage the plants. Therefore, always follow the recommended dosage and schedule from the fertilizer manufacturer. Monitoring your mums’ growth and adjusting your fertilizing practices will ensure you have blooming, vibrant hardy mums in your garden.
Deadheading and Pruning
Deadheading and pruning are essential practices for maintaining the health and aesthetics of your hardy mums.
Deadheading refers to the removal of spent blooms. This process not only keeps your plants looking neat and tidy, but it also stimulates the production of new blooms. To deadhead your mums, simply pinch or cut off the flower heads once they have wilted and dried. Be sure to remove the entire flower head and the stem down to the next set of leaves or buds.
Pruning, on the other hand, is done to shape your plants and encourage bushier growth. In early summer, when your mums have reached a height of about 6 inches, pinch back the tips of the stems. This will encourage the plant to branch out, resulting in a fuller plant with more flowers.
For hardy mums, a more substantial pruning is usually done in the spring. After your mums have finished blooming in the fall, leave the foliage in place over the winter. This helps to protect the plants from winter weather. In early spring, once you see new growth starting at the base of the plant, cut back the old stems to about 1 inch from the ground.
Remember to always use clean, sharp tools when pruning to prevent the spread of disease and ensure clean cuts. Following these steps for deadheading and pruning will not only enhance your mums’ appearance but also promote a healthier, more vigorous plant with abundant blooms.
How to Grow Hardy Mums in Pots
Caring for hardy mums in pots is quite similar to caring for those planted directly in the garden, with a few additional considerations.
- Pot Selection: Choose a pot that is large enough to accommodate your mums’ mature size. The pot should also have good drainage to prevent waterlogging and root rot. A pot made from breathable material, like terracotta, can be an excellent choice.
- Potting Mix: Fill the pot with a high-quality, well-draining potting mix. The mix should be rich in organic matter to provide nutrients for your mums.
- Watering: Water consistently, keeping the potting mix moist but not soggy. Check the moisture level regularly by sticking your finger into the soil. If the top 1-2 inches feel dry, it’s time to water. Always water at the base of the plant to keep the foliage dry and prevent disease.
- Sunlight: Ensure your potted mums receive at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. If your mums are indoors, place them near a south-facing window or under a grow light.
- Fertilizing: Use a balanced granular or water-soluble fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 (Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potassium) in the spring and a fertilizer higher in phosphorous and potassium in mid-summer. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer package.
- Pruning: Pinch back the tips of the stems in early summer to encourage bushier growth. Deadhead spent blooms to promote new flower production.
- Winter Care: If you live in a colder climate, move your potted mums indoors or to a sheltered location during the winter to protect them from freezing temperatures.
By following these steps, your potted hardy mums will thrive and produce beautiful blooms season after season.
Happy Gardening!
In conclusion, hardy mums are a fabulous addition to any garden. They come in many colors, sizes, and shapes, so you’re sure to find something that fits your garden’s aesthetics. Ensuring your hardy mums receive the right amount of sunlight and moisture and planting them in the right soil is crucial to their success. Remember to deadhead your mums, pinch them back, and mulch them to keep them healthy throughout the growing season. With the proper care, you can enjoy the beautiful blooms of your hardy mums for years to come.
Please be sure to check out my Gardening Blog Post page for more growing tips on growing Mums, Herbs, African Violets, bulbs and how to plant them, Flower Gardening, Vegetable and Fruit Gardening, Indoor Houseplants of all kinds, Cactus, Succulents, Hanging plants, Container Gardening and even Bird, Bee, Butterfly and Hummingbird Gardens!